Physiological Structure

The physiological structure of angiosperm plants refers to the various tissues and organs that contribute to the plant's growth, development, and functioning. Here are some key components of the physiological structure of angiosperms:

 

1. Roots:

   • Functions: Roots anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and minerals, and store food reserves.
   • Types: Fibrous roots (monocots) and taproots (dicots) are common root structures.

2. Stems:

   • Functions: Stems provide structural support, transport water, nutrients, and sugars, and serve as sites for leaf and flower attachment.
   • Vascular Tissues: Stems contain xylem and phloem, facilitating the transport of fluids throughout the plant.

3. Leaves:

   • Functions: Leaves are the primary sites for photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight into chemical energy. They also play a role in gas exchange.
   • Leaf Structures: Leaves have a flat blade, petiole (stalk), and veins that carry water, nutrients, and sugars.

4. Flowers:

   • Functions: Flowers are reproductive structures that house the plant's reproductive organs and attract pollinators for fertilization.
   • Parts: Flowers typically consist of sepals, petals, stamens (male reproductive organs), and carpels (female reproductive organs).

5. Fruits:

   • Functions: Fruits develop from the ovary of the flower and protect seeds. They aid in seed dispersal and contribute to the reproductive success of the plant.

6. Seeds:

   • Functions: Seeds are the result of fertilization and contain the embryonic plant, stored nutrients, and a protective seed coat. They are essential for the plant's reproduction and dispersal.

7. Vascular Tissues:

   • Xylem: Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant. It provides structural support and helps in water movement through the plant.
   • Phloem: Phloem transports sugars produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant. It plays a crucial role in nutrient distribution.

8. Meristems:

   • Apical Meristems: Located at the tips of stems and roots, apical meristems contribute to primary growth, increasing the length of the plant.
   • Lateral Meristems: Found in the cambium, lateral meristems contribute to secondary growth, increasing the plant's girth.

9. Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma Tissues:

   • Parenchyma: Thin-walled cells that function in photosynthesis, storage, and tissue repair.
   • Collenchyma: Cells with unevenly thickened cell walls that provide support to growing plant parts.
   • Sclerenchyma: Cells with thick, rigid cell walls that provide structural support and protection.

 

Understanding the physiological structure of angiosperms is essential for comprehending their growth processes, responses to environmental stimuli, and overall functioning within ecosystems.

 

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