Lord Cornwallis, during his tenure as Governor-General of India from 1786 to 1793, brought about several significant political changes in India. Some of the key changes include:
Permanent Settlement of Bengal: One of the most notable reforms initiated by Lord Cornwallis was the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793. This settlement aimed to create a fixed land revenue system in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. Under this system, the zamindars (landlords) were given the permanent right to collect land revenue from the peasants in return for fixed payments to the British government. However, this system led to the exploitation of the peasants by the zamindars and contributed to widespread rural indebtedness.
Reorganization of the Judicial System: Lord Cornwallis introduced significant reforms in the judicial system of India. He established the framework for the modern judicial system by creating separate civil and criminal courts and introducing the concept of district judges. The Cornwallis Code of 1793 laid the foundation for the present-day judicial system in India.
Introduction of the Civil Services: Cornwallis initiated the concept of the Civil Services in India. He established competitive examinations for the recruitment of civil servants based on merit rather than hereditary factors. This move aimed to create a professional and efficient administrative machinery to govern the British territories in India.
Establishment of the Board of Revenue: Cornwallis established the Board of Revenue to oversee revenue administration in British India. This board was responsible for the assessment and collection of land revenue and played a crucial role in implementing the Permanent Settlement.
Regulation of Company Employees: Lord Cornwallis introduced regulations to curb the corruption and abuse of power among employees of the East India Company. He implemented strict rules to prevent Company officials from engaging in private trade and accepting bribes, thereby improving the governance of Company territories.
Expansion of British Control: Cornwallis focused on consolidating and expanding British control over Indian territories. He initiated military campaigns to suppress rebellions and annexed several princely states, thereby increasing British influence in India.
Overall, Lord Cornwallis's tenure as Governor-General brought significant political reforms to India, particularly in the areas of land revenue, judiciary, administration, and civil services. However, some of his policies, such as the Permanent Settlement, had long-term negative consequences for Indian agriculture and society.
Thank You,
