Major lithostratigraphic units on the map of India

 

India, a land of diverse landscapes and rich geological history, showcases a captivating tapestry of lithostratigraphic units that narrate the story of its ancient past. From the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the vast plains of the Deccan, each region unfolds a unique geological saga. In this exploration, we delve into the major lithostratigraphic units across the map of India, unveiling the geological marvels that have shaped the subcontinent over millions of years.

Aravalli Supergroup:

• Our journey begins in the northwest, where the Aravalli Range unveils the ancient rocks of the Aravalli Supergroup. Dated back to the Proterozoic era, this unit provides a glimpse into India's early geological evolution. The Aravalli Supergroup is a treasure trove of sedimentary and volcanic rocks, harboring tales of continental collisions and ancient seas.

 

Delhi Supergroup:

• As we move towards the north-central part of the country, the Delhi Supergroup comes into focus. This unit, rich in sedimentary rocks, preserves the signatures of shallow marine environments and offers insights into the climatic conditions that prevailed during its formation. The Delhi Supergroup is a testament to the dynamic geological processes that have sculpted the northern regions of India.

 

Vindhyan Supergroup:

• Venturing into central India, the Vindhyan Supergroup takes center stage. With a geological history spanning from the Proterozoic to the Paleozoic era, this unit is a mosaic of sedimentary rocks, revealing a diverse range of environments – from marine to terrestrial. The Vindhyan Supergroup stands as a witness to the changing landscapes and life forms that have graced the heart of India through the ages.

 

Gondwana Supersequence:

• Heading towards the peninsular region, the Gondwana Supersequence unfolds across central and southern India. This extensive unit, characterized by a variety of sedimentary rocks, narrates the tale of ancient flora and fauna. The Gondwana Supersequence, dating back to the Permian and Mesozoic eras, captures the essence of India's geological past, showcasing the emergence of dinosaurs and the gradual shift from Gondwana to the present-day configuration.

 

Deccan Traps:

• In the western part of peninsular India, the Deccan Traps stand as a monumental geological feature. Formed during the Cretaceous period due to massive volcanic activity, this basaltic plateau has left an indelible mark on the landscape. The Deccan Traps not only contribute to the geological diversity but also play a significant role in understanding the Earth's processes, including the famous hypothesis linking their formation to the mass extinction event that marked the end of the Mesozoic era.

 

India's lithostratigraphic units are not just geological formations; they are chapters in a fascinating narrative that spans millions of years. From the ancient rocks of the Aravalli Supergroup to the volcanic legacy of the Deccan Traps, each unit on the map tells a unique story of the Earth's dynamic evolution. As we navigate through these geological wonders, we unravel the secrets of India's past, offering a profound appreciation for the intricate tapestry that shapes its present-day landscapes.

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